Association of Serum Folate and Vitamin B 12 Concentrations with Obesity in Chinese Children and Adolescents.

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the associations of serum folate and/or vitamin B 12 concentrations with obesity among Chinese children and adolescents. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted including 3,079 Chinese children and adolescents, aged 6 to 17 years, from Jiangsu, China. Anthropometric indices, such as, children's body mass index (BMI), BMI z-scores, waist circumference, and waist-to-height ratio were utilized. Multivariable linear regression and generalized additive models were used to investigate the associations of serum folate and vitamin B 12 levels with anthropometric indices and odds of obesity. Results: We observed that serum vitamin B 12 concentrations were inversely associated with all anthropometric indices and the odds of general obesity [odds ratio ( OR) = 0.68; 95% confidence interval ( CI) = 0.59, 0.78] and abdominal obesity ( OR = 0.68; 95% CI = 0.60, 0.77). When compared to participants with both serum vitamin levels in the two middle quartiles, those with both serum folate and vitamin B 12 levels in the highest quartile were less prone to general ( OR = 0.31, 95% CI = 0.19, 0.50) or abdominal obesity ( OR = 0.46, 95% CI = 0.31, 0.67). Conversely, participants with vitamin B 12 levels in the lowest quartile alongside folate levels in the highest quartile had higher odds of abdominal obesity ( OR = 2.06, 95% CI = 1.09, 3.91). Conclusion: Higher serum vitamin B 12 concentrations, but not serum folate concentrations, were associated with lower odds of childhood obesity. Children and adolescents with high levels of vitamin B 12 and folate were less likely to be obese.

Trends in innovative pediatric drug development in China based on clinical trial registration data.

In China, the focus of drug research and development has gradually shifted from generic to innovative drugs. Using the Chinese Clinical Trials Registry and Information Transparency Platform, we retrospectively analyzed clinical trials of innovative pediatric drugs conducted in mainland China over the last decade. The goal of this work was to better understand the characteristics of and historical changes in innovative pediatric drug research and development (R&D) in China and to provide effective data support for policy makers and other stakeholders. This study included 198 innovative pediatric drug clinical trials. The data showed that, although some progress has been made in the R&D of innovative pediatric drugs in China, many factors limiting this progress still exist, such as concentrated R&D areas, inadequate pediatric participants, and unbalanced source distributions. The level of innovative pediatric drug R&D in China currently lags behind the global level and has not kept pace with anti-neoplastic drug R&D in China. To promote the innovative development of pediatric drugs in China, the Chinese government must develop an R&D supervision framework, improve the motivation and innovation capabilities of pharmaceutical companies, and optimize the source distribution between regions.

Study on Tungsten Metallization and Interfacial Bonding of Silicon Nitride High-Temperature Co-Fired Ceramic Substrates.

For the first time, Si3N4 HTCC has been prepared using W as the metal phase by high-temperature co-firing (1830 °C/600 KPa/2 h) as a potential substrate candidate in electronic applications. It was discovered that the addition of Si3N4 to the W paste has a significant impact on thermal expansion coefficient matching and dissolution wetting. As the Si3N4 content increased from 0 to 27.23 vol%, the adhesion strength of W increased continuously from 2.83 kgf/mm2 to 7.04 kgf/mm2. The interfacial bonding of the Si3N4 ceramic and the conduction layer was discussed. SEM analysis confirmed that the interface between Si3N4 and W exhibited an interlocking structure. TEM, HRTEM and XRD indicated the formation of W2C and W5Si3 due to the interface reactions of W with residual carbon and Si3N4, respectively, which contributed to the reactive wetting and good adhesion strength between the interface. Suitable amounts of Si3N4 powder and great interfacial bonding were the main reasons for the tough interfacial matching between the Si3N4 ceramic and the conduction layer.

A highly sensitive electrochemical immunosensor based on electrospun nanocomposite for the detection of parathion.

For monitoring of the residual of parathion pesticide in food, herein, a sensitive and reliable electrochemical immunosensor based on cross-linked polyvinyl alcohol/citric acid nanofiber membrane (PVA/CA NFM) and horseradish peroxidase labeled anti-parathion nanobody was constructed. Firstly, the cross-linked PVA/CA NFM with extra-high surface area and uniform morphology was prepared and characterized. Then, the immunosensor was assembled and its analytical performances were evaluated. It exhibited high specificity and sensitivity to parathion with the liner range and limit of detection being 0.01-100 ng/mL and 2.26 pg/mL, respectively. Moreover, the biosensor kept almost 75% of its initial activity after regenerating 4 times, and remained 85% after 9 weeks of storage. Finally, the average recoveries from food samples were 96.20%-114.61% with the coefficient of variation being 1.06%-5.28%, which was correlate well with UPLC (R2 = 0.9964). Therefore, the sensor was demonstrated to be a feasible alternative for sensitive assay of parathion.

Electrochemical label-free immunoassay of HE4 using 3D PtNi nanocubes assemblies as biosensing interfaces.

Human epididymis protein 4 (HE4) is a vital biomarker for early diagnosis of epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). Herein, a new label-free biosensor was developed using K3[Fe(CN)6] as the electrochemical probe for ultrasensitive immunoassay of HE4 based on PtNi nanocubes assemblies (NCAs) as efficient biosensing interfaces. The PtNi NCAs were synthesized by a simple solvothermal approach, where N-hexadecyltrimethylammonium chloride (HTAC) and 2,2'-bis(4,5-dimethylimidazole) (BDMM) behaved as co-structuring directors. Under the optimal conditions, the obtained HE4 immunosensor displayed a wide detection range from 0.001 to 100 ng mL-1 and a low detection limit (0.11 pg mL-1, S/N = 3). As a result, the current sensing platform would serve as a useful reference for detecting cancer biomarkers in the clinical assay and diagnosis.

Ultrasensitive sandwich-typed electrochemical immunoassay for detection of squamous cell carcinoma antigen based on highly branched PtCo nanocrystals and dendritic mesoporous SiO2@AuPt nanoparticles.

Squamous cell carcinoma antigen (SCCA) is one of the common squamous cell carcinomas (SCC) in women, which usually works as a tumor biomarker for cervical cancer in diagnostic applications. Herein, bimetallic PtCo highly branched nanocrystals (PtCo BNCs) acted as electrode substrates to construct sandwich-typed electrochemical immunosensor for ultrasensitive detection of SCCA, by using dendritic mesoporous SiO2@AuPt nanoparticles (DM-SiO2@AuPt NPs) to adsorb electroactive thionine (Thi) as a signal label. The PtCo BNCs enlarged the loading of the primary antibody (Ab1), showing effective improvement in conductivity and sensitivity. The DM-SiO2 had abundant pores to incorporate more Thi, on which the decorated AuPt NPs created a great number of active sites to immobilize the secondary antibodies (Ab2), thereby obviously amplifying the detection signals. The prepared sensor exhibited a broader linear range (0.001-120 ng mL-1) and a lower detection limit (0.33 pg mL-1, S/N = 3), combined with high reproducibility, a low relative standard deviation (below 2.5%) and acceptable recovery (from 98.5 to 110.0%) even in diluted human serum samples. This research provides a substantial platform for clinical diagnosis of SCCA in practice.

Ultrasensitive label-free electrochemical immunosensor of NT-proBNP biomarker based on branched AuPd nanocrystals/N-doped honeycombed porous carbon.

N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide is a major cardiac biomarker for early diagnosis and prognosis of heart failure. Herein, a novel label-free electrochemical immunosensor was developed based on home-made branched AuPd nanocrystals/N-doped porous carbon (AuPd NCS/NPC) for ultrasensitive and high-selective detection of N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide. Specifically, the AuPd NCS/NPC was prepared by a one-pot wet-chemical strategy by using thymine as a green structural directing agent, whose morphology, structures, and properties were strictly examined, showing high-efficiency catalysis towards electro-reduction of hydrogen peroxide. Under the optimized conditions, the fabricated sensor exhibited a dynamic linear range of 0.001 âˆ¼ 10 ng mL-1 and a low limit of detection (0.34 pg mL-1, S/N = 3) for immunoassay of N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide. Furthermore, this platform was explored for detection of the biomarker in human serum sample with satisfactory results. Thus, the built biosensor can render valuable guidance for prospective clinical diagnostic applications.

A Strategy for Rapid Discovery of Marker Peptides Associated with Fibrinolytic Efficacy of Pheretima aspergillum Based on Bioinformatics Combined with Parallel Reaction Monitoring.

Quality control of animal-derived traditional Chinese medicines has improved dramatically as proteomics research advanced in the past few decades. However, it remains challenging to identify quality attributes with routine proteomics approaches since protein with fibrinolytic activity is rarely reported in pheretima, a typical animal-derived traditional medicine. A novel strategy based on bioinformatics combined with parallel reaction monitoring (PRM) was developed here to rapidly discover the marker peptides associated with a fibrinolytic effect. Potential marker peptides were found by lumbrokinase sequences' alignment and in silico digestion. The fibrinogen zymography was used to visually identify fibrinolytic proteins in pheretima. As a result, it was found that the fibrinolytic activity varied among different portions of pheretima. Fibrinolytic proteins were distributed regionally in the anterior and anterior-mid portion and there was no significant fibrinogenolytic activity observed in the mid-posterior and posterior portion. Finally, PRM experiments were deployed to validate and quantify selected marker peptides and a total of 11 peptides were identified as marker peptides, which could be potentially used in quality control of pheretima. This strategy provides a robust workflow to benefit the quality control of other animal-derived traditional medicines.

High throughput and very specific screening of anabolic-androgenic steroid adulterants in healthy foods based on stable isotope labelling and flow injection analysis-tandem mass spectrometry with simultaneous monitoring proton adduct ions and chloride adduct ions.

In this work, a stable isotope labelling-flow injection analysis-tandem mass spectrometry (SIL-FIA-MS/MS) with simultaneous monitoring [M+H]+ and [M+Cl]- method was developed for very specific and high throughput screening of anabolic-androgenic steroids (AAS) illegally added to healthy foods. Initially, a simple centrifugation step was carried out for liquid samples, and for solid samples, a solid-liquid extraction step was conducted. Afterwards, batch chemical derivatization was carried out. After adding a certain amount of 13C6-3-NPH labelled AAS standards as the internal standards, it can be directly transferred for FIA-MS/MS analysis based on the no MS response characteristics of 3-NPH. The 3-NPH labelled AAS showed dual-polarity property, observing chloride adduct ion ([M+Cl]-) in negative ion mode and proton adduct ion ([M+H]+) in positive ion mode. The average time cost for pretreatment of each sample was less than 1 min by carrying out batch processing. The subsequent FIA-MS/MS detection enabled rapid and high throughput detection. The addition of 13C6-3-NPH-labelled AAS as internal standards can correct the matrix effect to achieve accurate quantitative analysis. The detection sensitivity was also improved by 2-5 folds after 3-NPH labelling. The limits of detection (LODs) in positive MRM mode were in ranges of 0.1-0.3 ng/mL. The validated method with simultaneous monitoring [M+H]+ and [M+Cl]- was validated in the range of 6.0-1000 ng/mL with the linear coefficient (R2) greater than 0.997. Satisfactory recoveries were found to be in ranges of 93.0-108.7%. The intra-day and inter-day RSDs were in the range of 3.5-9.9% and 5.1-14.1%, respectively. No changes in detection sensitivity of the mass spectrometry and no carry-over effects were found after numerous consecutive injections of AAS derivates. Compared with previously reported methods, the proposed method proved accurate, very specific, high throughput with good sensitivity.

Label-free electrochemical biosensor for determination of procalcitonin based on graphene-wrapped Co nanoparticles encapsulated in carbon nanobrushes coupled with AuPtCu nanodendrites.

A new label-free electrochemical immunosensor was constructed for quantitative detection of procalcitonin (PCT), by employing AuPtCu nanodendrites (AuPtCu NDs, prepared by a one-pot solvothermal method) and graphene-wrapped Co nanoparticles encapsulated in 3D N-doped carbon nanobrushes (G-Co@ NCNBs), obtained by self-catalyzed chemical vapor deposition as immune-sensing platform. Impressively, the home-made nanocomposite enlarged the highly accessible active sites and promoted the mass/electron transport, in turn showing the efficient synergistic catalysis towards H2O2 reduction, combined by greatly increasing the loading capacity of the PCT antibody (Ab). The as-constructed sensor displayed a dynamic linear range of 0.0001 ~ 100 ng mL-1 along with an ultra-low limit of detection (LOD = 0.011 pg mL-1, S/N = 3) and was further explored for determination of PCT in a diluted serum sample with acceptable results. The sensor provides some valuable guidelines for bioassay and early diagnosis of sepsis.

Dietary patterns in association with the risk of elevated blood pressure, lipid profile and fasting plasma glucose among adults in Jiangsu Province of China.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: This study aimed to identify unique dietary patterns, and to examine the correlation of dietary patterns with elevated blood pressure, lipid profile and fasting plasma glucose (FPG) among adults in Jiangsu Province of China. METHODS AND RESULTS: 4951 individuals were selected in this cross-sectional study from nutrition and health survey in Jiangsu Province in 2014. Factor analysis was used to identify the dietary patterns. Higher quartile of the cereals-seafood-dairy dietary pattern was inversely associated with high low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL) (composed to Q1, OR = 0.834, 95% CI: 0.700∼0.993, P < 0.05) and FPG (composed to Q1, OR = 0.725, 95% CI: 0.609-0.862, P < 0.05), while higher quartile of the traditional Jiangsu dietary pattern was positively associated with low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL) (composed to Q1, OR = 1.395, 95% CI: 1.067∼1.825, P < 0.05) and high systolic blood pressure (SBP) (composed to Q1, OR = 1.238, 95% CI: 1.020∼1.503, P < 0.05). Higher scores of the refined food-oriented dietary pattern was inversely related to high triglycerides (TG) (composed to Q1, OR = 0.665, 95% CI: 0.551∼0.802, P < 0.05), but was positively related to high TC (composed to Q1, OR = 2.179, 95% CI: 1.817∼2.614), high LDL (composed to Q1, OR = 2.431, 95% CI: 2.037∼2.902, P < 0.05) and elevated FPG (composed to Q1, OR = 1.734, 95% CI: 1.458∼2.061, P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Different structure of dietary patterns do affect the blood pressure, lipid profile and fasting plasma glucose among adults in Jiangsu Province, China.

Production of 9,21-dihydroxy-20-methyl-pregna-4-en-3-one from phytosterols in Mycobacterium neoaurum by modifying multiple genes and improving the intracellular environment.

BACKGROUND: Steroid drugs are essential for disease prevention and clinical treatment. However, due to intricated steroid structure, traditional chemical methods are rarely implemented into the whole synthetic process for generating steroid intermediates. Novel steroid drug precursors and their ideal bacterial strains for industrial production have yet to be developed. Among these, 9,21-dihydroxy-20-methyl-pregna-4-en-3-one (9-OH-4-HP) is a novel steroid drug precursor, suitable for the synthesis of corticosteroids. In this study, a combined strategy of blocking Δ1-dehydrogenation and the C19 pathway as well as improving the intracellular environment was investigated to construct an effective 9-OH-4-HP-producing strain. RESULTS: The Δ1-dehydrogenation-deficient strain of wild-type Mycobacterium neoaurum DSM 44074 produces 9-OH-4-HP with a molar yield of 4.8%. Hsd4A, encoding a ß-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase, and fadA5, encoding an acyl-CoA thiolase, were separately knocked out to block the C19 pathway in the Δ1-dehydrogenation-deficient strain. The two engineered strains were able to accumulate 0.59 g L-1 and 0.47 g L-1 9-OH-4-HP from 1 g L-1 phytosterols, respectively. Furthermore, hsd4A and fadA5 were knocked out simultaneously in the Δ1-dehydrogenation-deficient strain. The 9-OH-4-HP production from the Hsd4A and FadA5 deficient strain was 11.9% higher than that of the Hsd4A deficient strain and 40.4% higher than that of the strain with FadA5 deficiency strain, respectively. The purity of 9-OH-4-HP obtained from the Hsd4A and FadA5 deficient strain has reached 94.9%. Subsequently, the catalase katE from Mycobacterium neoaurum and an NADH oxidase, nox, from Bacillus subtilis were overexpressed to improve the intracellular environment, leading to a higher 9-OH-4-HP production. Ultimately, 9-OH-4-HP production reached 3.58 g L-1 from 5 g L-1 phytosterols, and the purity of 9-OH-4-HP improved to 97%. The final 9-OH-4-HP production strain showed the best molar yield of 85.5%, compared with the previous reported strain with 30% molar yield of 9-OH-4-HP. CONCLUSION: KstD, Hsd4A, and FadA5 are key enzymes for phytosterol side-chain degradation in the C19 pathway. Double deletion of hsd4A and fadA5 contributes to the blockage of the C19 pathway. Improving the intracellular environment of Mycobacterium neoaurum during phytosterol bioconversion could accelerate the conversion process and enhance the productivity of target sterol derivatives.

A simultaneous extraction/derivatization strategy coupled with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry for the determination of free catecholamines in biological fluids.

The current study presents a convenient, rapid and effective simultaneous extraction/derivatization (SEDP) strategy for effective pretreatment of catecholamines (CAs). Commercial zirconium oxide (ZrO2) nanoparticles were employed for the selective capturing of cis-diol containing CAs to remove the biological interferences and phenyl isothiocyanate (PITC) was used for derivatization to improve the ionization and to improve the chromatographic separation. The extraction and derivatization procedures were integrated into one step to simplify the sample pretreatment. Excessive derivatization reagents were removed as well, reducing the degree of contaminations in mass spectrometry. The factors affecting the SEDP process were optimized and the results showed that the detection sensitivity and chromatographic separation of CAs greatly improved compared with underivatized CAs, during LC-MS/MS analysis. Combined with ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS), quantifying the concentration of norepinephrine (NE), epinephrine (E) and dopamine (DA) in biological fluids was validated in ranges of 1-200.0 ng/mL with a satisfactory correlation coefficient (R2 > 0.997). The obtained recoveries were in the range of 91.0-109.5% with RSDs less than 9.4%. Finally, significant changes in CAs levels in urine samples of healthy people and pheochromocytoma patients were detected. The developed method offers comparative advantages in terms of sensitivity, specificity and selectivity.

The relationship between dietary patterns and overweight and obesity among adult in Jiangsu Province of China: a structural equation model.

AIMS: This study aimed to analyze the relationship between diet and overweight and obesity in Jiangsu Province by using structural equation modeling (SEM), and to determine dietary differences between genders in the model. METHODS: Data from 1739 individuals (53.8% female, n = 935) were analyzed. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) were used to classify dietary patterns. SEM and multivariate logistic regression were used to explore the relationship between dietary patterns and overweight and obesity. RESULTS: Overweight and obesity was found in 49.1%, and no difference was found in gender (51.2% of men and 47.2% of women, respectively; P = 0.090). Three dietary patterns: the traditional dietary pattern (i.e., poultry, light-colored vegetables, red meat and its products, cereals and tubers products, condiment, oils and dark-colored vegetables), the fruit-egg dietary pattern (i.e., fruit, whole grains, pickled vegetables and eggs and eggs products) and nut-wine dietary pattern (i.e., nut, wine and pastry snacks) were established by using EFA and CFA. It was found that the traditional dietary pattern for adult male was positively associated with the overweight and obesity in Jiangsu Province of China through multivariate logistic regression and SEM (OR = 1.954; 95%CI: 1.258 ~ 3.036; ß =0.121, P < 0.05, respectively). CONCLUSION: The traditional dietary pattern only have positive association with overweight and obesity in men in Jiangsu Province, China.

Preparation and Antimicrobial Activity of Antibacterial Silver-Loaded Polyphosphazene Microspheres.

Poly(cyclotriphosphazene-co-4,4'-diaminodiphenyl ether) (PPO) microspheres were prepared via a precipitation polymerization method, using hexachlorocyclotriphosphazene (HCCP) and 4,4'-diaminodiphenyl ether (ODA) as monomers. Silver-loaded PPO (PPOA) microspheres were generated by the in situ loading of silver nanoparticles onto the surface by Ag+ reduction. Our results showed that PPOA microspheres were successfully prepared with a relatively uniform distribution of silver nanoparticles on microsphere surfaces. PPOA microspheres had good thermal stability and excellent antibacterial activity towards Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Furthermore, PPOA microspheres exhibited lower cytotoxicity when compared to citrate-modified silver nanoparticles (c-Ag), and good sustained release properties. Our data indicated that polyphosphazene-based PPOA microspheres are promising antibacterial agents in the biological materials field.

[Study on proteins in Guangdilong by nano LC/orbitrap fusion lumos HR-MS].

In the present study,fresh Guangdilong( GD),originating from Pheretima aspergillum,was taken as the object. The total proteins from GD were firstly separated by SDS-PAGE according to their molecular weights and in-gel digestion was then performed.After that,the peptides were analyzed by nano LC/orbitrap fusion lumos high resolution mass spectrometry( nano LC/orbitrap fusion lumos HR-MS). Protein identification was implemented by comparison with Annelida. fasta database using Proteome Discoverer software.As a result,386 proteins were tentatively identified,including chain F,globin B chain,glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase,fibrinolytic protein,and so on. Most of the proteins took part in cell structure and energy metabolism,and fibrinolytic protein and lombricine kinase might be related to fibrinolytic activity. Protein classification based on gene ontology was carried out using PANTHER and KEGG for metabolic pathway enrichment. The results indicated that these proteins were related to diverse signal transduction pathways,including metabolic pathways,central carbon metabolism,biosynthesis of amino acids,ribosome,glycolysis,citrate cycle( TCA cycle),and so on. This study would lay the foundation for the further research on the proteins in GD and also their functions.

Effects of Danhong injection, a traditional Chinese medicine, on nine cytochrome P450 isoforms in vitro.

Danhong injection (DHI) is made from Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge. and Carthamus tinctorius L. extract and is widely used in the clinical treatment of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of DHI on cytochrome P450 (CYP450) enzymes in vitro to predict drug-drug interactions based on CYP450 as combination therapy. To assess the inhibitory effect of DHI on CYP450, we detected the IC50 value of DHI on CYP450 in vitro by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Simultaneously, the induction effect of DHI on CYP450s was also evaluated. The relative induction ratios of DHI on CYP1A2, CYP2B6 and CYP3A4 activity were calculated by LC-MS/MS. The expression level of CYP3A4 mRNA was determined by reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR). The LC-MS/MS data showed DHI intensively inhibit CYP2A6 activity and the intensity of inhibition was followed by CYP2C8, CYP3A4, CYP2C19, CYP2B6, CYP2D6, CYP1A2, CYP2E1 and CYP2C9 in vitro. The results of RT-PCR showed that there is a certain induction of DHI on CYP3A4 mRNA in human primary hepatocytes in vitro. The study suggested that drug-drug interactions might occur in clinical co-administration of drugs owing to the CYP2A6 inhibition and CYP3A4 induction.

Effects of diosmetin on nine cytochrome P450 isoforms, UGTs and three drug transporters in vitro.

Diosmetin (3', 5, 7-trihydroxy-4'-methoxyflavone), a natural flavonoid from traditional Chinese herbs, has been used in various medicinal products because of its anticancer, antimicrobial, antioxidant, estrogenic and anti-inflammatory activity. However, flavonoids could affect the metabolic enzymes and cause drug-drug interactions (DDI), reducing the efficacy of co-administered drugs and potentially resulting in serious adverse reactions. To evaluate its potential to interact with co-administered drugs, the IC50 value of phase I cytochrome P450 enzymes (CYPs), phase II UDP-glucuronyltransferases (UGTs) and hepatic uptake transporters (organic cation transporters (OCTs), organic anion transporter polypeptides (OATPs) and Na+-taurocholate cotransporting polypeptides (NTCPs)) were examined in vitro by LC-MS/MS. Diosmetin showed strong inhibition of CYP1A2 in a concentration-dependent manner. The intensity of the inhibitory effect was followed by CYP2C8, CYP2C9, CYP2C19 and CYP2E1. For CYP2A6, CYP2B6, CYP2D6 and CYP3A4, diosmetin was found to have no significant inhibitory effects, and the induction effect on CYPs was not significant. For UGTs, diosmetin had a minimal inhibitory effect. In addition, the inhibitory effects of diosmetin on OATP and OCT1 were weak, and it had little effect on NTCP. This finding indicated that drug-drug interactions induced by diosmetin may occur through co-administration of drugs metabolized by CYP1A2.

Highly transparent cerium doped gadolinium gallium aluminum garnet ceramic prepared with precursors fabricated by ultrasonic enhanced chemical co-precipitation.

Cerium doped gadolinium gallium aluminum garnet (GGAG:Ce) ceramic precursors have been synthesized with an ultrasonic chemical co-precipitation method (UCC) and for comparison with a traditional chemical co-precipitation method (TCC). The effect of ultra-sonication on the morphology of powders and the transmittance of GGAG:Ce ceramics are studied. The results indicate that the UCC method can effectively improve the homogenization and sinterability of GGAG:Ce powders, which contribute to obtain high transparent GGAG ceramic with the highest transmittance of 81%.

A novel banded structure ceramic phosphor for high-power white LEDs.

A novel banded structure ceramic phosphor has been fabricated in this research. This structure provides a convenient and effective method for regulating the full spectrum. It has the advantage of being able to adjust the intensity of all three primary colors independently, regardless of the mutual absorption among different active ions.